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Environmental-friendly extraction of Peepal (Ficus Religiosa) bark-based reddish brown tannin natural dye for silk coloration

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Abstract

The present study aims to extract a natural reddish brown colorant from Peepal (Ficus religiosa) for silk dyeing using the microwave radiation process (MW). The colorant was isolated in aqueous and acidic media, and MW treatment for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min has been given to both fabric and extract to observe changes in color intensity. The dye variables have been optimized, and for sustainable shade making process with good fastness, 1.0–5.0 g/100 mL of sustainable chemical and bio-mordants has been employed. It has been found that after microwave treatment for 3 min, under selected conditions, the irradiated aqueous extract has given high color intensity onto silk fabric. The utilization of 3% of Al, 4% of Fe, and 2% of tannic acid (T.A.) as pre chemical mordant whereas 4% of Al, 4% of Fe, and 3% of tannic acid as post chemical mordant have given good color characteristics. In comparison, 4% of acacia and 3% of turmeric and pomegranate while 3% of acacia and turmeric and 4% of pomegranate extracts as post-bio-mordant have given excellent color characteristics. It is concluded that MW treatment has an excellent sustainable efficacy to isolate colorant from Peepal bark for silk dyeing, whereas the inclusion of bio-mordants has not only made the process more sustainable and environmental friendly but also best K/S, and L*a*b* values have been acquired.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Noman Habib

  2. Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Waseem Akram & Shahid Adeel

  3. Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Nimra Amin

  4. Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad

  5. Applied Chemistry Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore, Pakistan

    Ehsan ul Haq

Authors
  1. Noman Habib
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  2. Waseem Akram
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  3. Shahid Adeel
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  4. Nimra Amin
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  5. Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad
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  6. Ehsan ul Haq
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Contributions

Dr Shahid Adeel is supervisor of the work in whose lab practical work has been done, whereas Mr. Waseem Akram and Ms. Nimra Amin jointly conducted experiments. Dr Noman Habib and Dr Mozhgan have guided the group technically and scientifically, whereas Mr. Ehsan ul Haq has helped in physiochemical analysis of fabrics.

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Correspondence to Shahid Adeel.

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Habib, N., Akram, W., Adeel, S. et al. Environmental-friendly extraction of Peepal (Ficus Religiosa) bark-based reddish brown tannin natural dye for silk coloration. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 35048–35060 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18507-5

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