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Microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of phenolics from defatted date seeds and its effect on solubilization of carbohydrates

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Abstract

In this study, for the first time, polyphenols are extracted using microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvents (MW-DES) from supercritical CO2 defatted date seeds under variable operating conditions. The best conditions consisted of choline chloride: formic acid (1:2 molar ratio), a solid to solvent ratio of 1/20 (g/mL) (0.75 g of dry biomass in 15 mL solvent), an extraction time of 50 s, and a microwave power of 400 W. The maximum polyphenols extraction yield was 128 g gallic acid equivalent/kg dry biomass (g GAE/kg) (which is the highest value ever reported in literature for date seeds extracts). The antioxidant activity of the optimum extracts was assessed with the DPPH and ABTS quenching capacities being equal to 27 and 145 mg trolox equivalent/g dry biomass, respectively. Mainly mannose and manno-oligosaccharides were solubilized during extraction. The highest yields were (obtained at 200 W, 120 s) 35.07 and 32.18 mg/g of dry biomass for mannose and manno-oligosaccharides, respectively. It was also observed that the total mannose (monomer and oligomer) release during the extraction increased linearly (r2 = 0.9951) with respect to microwave energy applied per gram of date seeds (J/g).

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation via Georg Forster Post-doctoral Researcher (Mouna Kehili) and Georg Forster Experienced Researcher (Asli Isci) Fellowships.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073, Hamburg, Germany

    Mouna Kehili, Carsten Zetzl & Irina Smirnova

  2. BioMP Biomasse Hochdruck GmbH Innovations- und Gründercampus, Harburger Schloßstrasse 6-12, 21079, Hamburg, Germany

    Mouna Kehili & Carsten Zetzl

  3. Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 40, 21073, Hamburg, Germany

    Asli Isci & Martin Kaltschmitt

  4. Food Engineering Department, Ankara University, 06830, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey

    Asli Isci

  5. Chair of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Nils Thieme

  6. NxFoods GmbH, Elilandstrasse 11, 81547, Munich, Germany

    Nils Thieme

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  1. Mouna Kehili
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  2. Asli Isci
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Mouna Kehili and Asli Isci contributed equally to this work and share the first authorship.

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Kehili, M., Isci, A., Thieme, N. et al. Microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of phenolics from defatted date seeds and its effect on solubilization of carbohydrates. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 7695–7706 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03027-6

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