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A narrative review on extraction techniques of phytosterols and their applications in food industry

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Abstract

Phytosterols are  natural plant–based bioactive compound shaving various roles in human health that are widely used in the food, nutrition, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Phytosterol extraction and isolation techniques are difficult and time consuming. The growing demand for phytosterols encourages the development of easy-to-use technologies for extracting and isolating them from various plant sources. Free phytosterols extracted from plants are extensively used in fortified meals and nutritional supplements. Bioactivities of phytosterols have sparked interest in obtaining them from vegetable oils or industrial wastes. The growing demand for these bioactive compounds as a food supplement may spur additional advancements in extraction, isolation, and analytical processes that are more efficient, quick, and environmentally friendly. This review summarizes both conventional and non-conventional extraction techniques of phytosterols and their use in the food industry. Supercritical fluid extraction is the emerging technique to extract phytosterols due to its efficiency; however, further experiments are needed to create optimal working conditions and instruments.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Rimsha Younas, Amna Sahar, Muhammad Issa Khan, Muhammad Arbaz Tahir, Muhammad Mohsin, Muhammad Usman & Rana Muhammad Aadil

  2. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Amna Sahar & Muhammad Azhar Ali

  3. Department of Food Science and Technology, Govt. College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Aysha Sameen

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  1. Rimsha Younas
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Rimsha Younas: investigation-equal, writing—original draft. Amna Sahar: conceptualization, writing—review and editing, supervision. Aysha Sameen: writing—review and editing. Muhammad Issa Khan: writing—review and editing. Muhammad Azhar Ali: writing—review and editing. Muhammad Arbaz Tahir, Muhammad Mohsin, and Muhammad Usman: writing—review and editing. Rana Muhammad Aadil: writing—review and editing, supervision.

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Younas, R., Sahar, A., Sameen, A. et al. A narrative review on extraction techniques of phytosterols and their applications in food industry. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-05007-w

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