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Freeze–thaw-, enzyme-, ultrasound- and pulsed electric field-assisted extractions of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis dry biomass

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Abstract

Spirulina platensis is a cyanobacterium with biological activities. This characteristic is mainly due to its blue pigment C-phycocyanin (C-PC), which is an important commercially available blue food colorant. To take maximum advantage of the benefits of C-PC, a comparative study of four different pretreatment techniques, namely, freeze–thaw (F/T), enzymatic (EE), ultrasound (US), and pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment, for C-PC extraction from S. platensis dry biomass was performed to select the method providing the highest yield and desired purity. The extraction of C-PC was conducted using 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, which is a green solvent. The highest C-PC yield of 129.5 ± 7.78 mg/g was obtained with US pretreatment after 30 min of sonication at 40 kHz frequency. The next highest yield of 84.00 ± 2.13 mg/g was recorded after 240 μs of PEF pretreatment with a voltage of V = 24 kV/cm and 44 pulses (average pulse width of 5.36 μs). The highest purity of 2.47 ± 0.21 was obtained with F/T pretreatment, followed by US (2.15 ± 0.12) and PEF (2.13 ± 0.39).

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT) of Algeria for financial support and the staff of the Food Technology and Human Nutrition Laboratory (LRTANH-ENSA) for technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Agronomic Higher National School El- Harrach (ENSA, ES1603), Algiers, Algeria

    Nour El Houda Berrouane, Fella-Sara Attal, Ahmed Benchabane, Idriss Saghour, Arezki Bitam & Malek Amiali

  2. Institute of Applied Sciences and Techniques, Saad Dahleb, BLIDA1, Blida, Algeria

    Fella-Sara Attal

  3. MDA, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada

    Tanya Gachovska

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  1. Nour El Houda Berrouane
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Contributions

NEHB: Investigation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing—original draft. FSA: Methodology, Investigation. AB: Doctoral supervision committee., Project administration. IS: Methodology, Investigation. AB: Writing- review, Doctoral supervision committee. TG: PEF conception, Methodology, Writing- review. MA: Conceptualization, Supervision, Review & editing, Funding acquisition, Doctoral supervision committee, Director of Research Laboratory of Food Technology and Human Nutrition (LRTANH).

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Correspondence to Malek Amiali.

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Berrouane, N.E.H., Attal, FS., Benchabane, A. et al. Freeze–thaw-, enzyme-, ultrasound- and pulsed electric field-assisted extractions of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis dry biomass. Food Measure 16, 1625–1635 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-01264-3

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