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Intensification Strategies for the Extraction of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Other Lipophilic Fractions From Seaweeds

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Abstract

Marine organisms are excellent sources of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), increasingly demanded for their healthy properties. Seaweeds present a low lipid content, but their high PUFA fraction and the low ω-6:ω-3 ratio convert them in an alternative to other sources. In particular, the use of concentrated lipidic extracts offers a practical approach without significantly changing dietary habits. In order to produce seaweed concentrated extracts, the extraction technology is highly influencing and higher efficiency, low solvent, time, and energy consumption are demanded. Depending on the solvent and operational conditions, other seaweed lipophilic components could be also extracted, providing a final product with a range of interesting biological properties. A survey of intensification extraction processes designed to obtain the lipophilic fractions from seaweeds is presented, emphasizing on the composition and properties of the products. Moreover, in order to define a sustainable process the remaining algal solids should be utilized as a source of other nutritional and bioactive compounds.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

α-Linolenic acid (18:3, ω-3)

ARA:

Arachidonic acid (20:4, ω-6)

ALA:

α‐Linolenic acid (18:3, ω-3)

ARA:

Arachidonic acid (20:4, ω-6)

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, ω-3)

DPA:

Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5, ω − 3)

EFA:

Essential fatty acids

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, ω-3)

GLA:

Gamma-linolenic acid (18:3, ω-6)

LA:

Lauric acid (12:0)

LIN:

Linoleic acid (18:2, ω-6)

MA:

Myristic acid (14:0)

MUFAs:

Monounsaturated fatty acids

PA:

Palmitic acid (16:0)

PUFAs:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

SA:

Stearic acid (18:0)

SDA:

Stearidonic acid (18:4, ω-3)

SFAs:

Saturated fatty acids

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  1. CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, Spain

    Ismael Rodríguez-González & Herminia Domínguez

  2. CITI-University of Vigo, Parque Tecnolóxico de Galicia, Rúa Galicia nº 2, 32900, Ourense, Spain

    Ismael Rodríguez-González & Beatriz Díaz-Reinoso

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  1. Ismael Rodríguez-González
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Rodríguez-González, I., Díaz-Reinoso, B. & Domínguez, H. Intensification Strategies for the Extraction of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Other Lipophilic Fractions From Seaweeds. Food Bioprocess Technol 15, 978–997 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-021-02757-1

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