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Gamma Radiation as a Pretreatment for Co-extraction of Lipids and Astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis

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Abstract

The study aimed to apply gamma radiation as a cell pretreatment method for lipid extraction and for obtaining astaxanthin from residual biomass of Haematococcus pluvialis. Factor 1 of the two-factor experimental design was represented by cell pretreatment methods: biomass with chloroform:methanol under ultrasound (BCMU), biomass with chloroform:methanol under γ radiation (BCMR), dry biomass under γ radiation (DBR), and control (without pretreatment). Factor 2 considered the vegetative and cystic phases. Cultivation was performed in a mixotrophic system, and biomass was collected in both phases, centrifuged, lyophilized, and submitted to cell pretreatment and lipid extraction. Lipid content and FAMEs were evaluated comparing pretreatment methods and life cycle phases. Total lipid content was higher with the BCMR method in the vegetative (18% DW) and cystic (14% DW) phases. Gamma radiation combined with organic solvent was more efficient for increasing lipid yield, and DBR had a lipid yield similar to BCMU. FAME content differed between phases and pretreatments for most fatty acids, mainly C16:0, C16:1, C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, C18:2n6t, and C18:3n3. The predominance of saturated or low unsaturated fatty acids makes H. pluvialis, in both phases, suitable for biofuel production. The preservation of astaxanthin from residual cystic biomass was observed when submitted to the DBR method, with a concentration similar to the raw biomass (1.5% DW). Gamma radiation in dry biomass has an antioxidant effect. Therefore, the lipid extraction method preceded by gamma irradiation was efficient for vegetative and cystic cells of H. pluvialis and contributed to the preservation of astaxanthin from residual cystic biomass.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Foundation for Science and Technology of the State of Pernambuco (FACEPE) for the aid granted to Laenne Moraes [14722.01/16] and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the aid granted to Alfredo Gálvez [PQ 308063/2019-8] and Ranilson Bezerra [PQ 307107/2019-1] and the Northeast Strategic Technologies Center (CETENE) for its availability to carry out the analyses.

Funding

This work was supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology of the State of Pernambuco (FACEPE) (grant number 14722.01/16 to Laenne Moraes) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (grant numbers PQ 308063/2019–8 to Alfredo Gálvez and PQ 307107/2019–1 to Ranilson Bezerra).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil

    Laenne Barbara S. de Moraes & Ranilson de Souza Bezerra

  2. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil

    Laenne Barbara S. de Moraes, Géssica Cavalcanti P. Mota, Danielli M. de Macêdo Dantas & Alfredo Olivera Gálvez

  3. Northeast Strategic Technologies Center, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-545, Brazil

    Carolina Barbosa Malafaia & Túlio Diego da Silva

  4. Center for Human, Natural, Health and Technology Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, Pinheiro, MA, 65200-000, Brazil

    Yllana Ferreira Marinho

  5. Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil

    Ana M. M. de Albuquerque Melo

  6. Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil

    Antônio F. Morais de Oliveira

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  1. Laenne Barbara S. de Moraes
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  2. Carolina Barbosa Malafaia
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Contributions

Writing — original draft preparation, Laenne Moraes; conceptualization, Laenne Moraes, Carolina Malafaia, Yllana Marinho, and Ranilson Bezerra; investigation, Laenne Moraes, Géssica Mota, Carolina Malafaia, and Túlio Silva; methodology, Laenne Moraes, Carolina Malafaia, Antônio Oliveira, and Ana Melo; formal analysis, Laenne Moraes, Túlio Silva, and Antônio Oliveira; writing — review and editing, Carolina Malafaia, Yllana Marinho, and Alfredo Gálvez; resources, Ranilson Bezerra, Alfredo Gálvez, and Ana Melo; supervision, Ranilson Bezerra and Danielli Dantas; and project administration, Ranilson Bezerra.

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Correspondence to Laenne Barbara S. de Moraes.

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de Moraes, L.B.S., Malafaia, C.B., da Silva, T.D. et al. Gamma Radiation as a Pretreatment for Co-extraction of Lipids and Astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis. Bioenerg. Res. 16, 1841–1850 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-022-10531-0

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