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Continuous fast microwave-assisted extraction of radish leaves polysaccharides: optimization, preliminary characterization, biological, and techno-functional properties

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Abstract

In recent years, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has attracted considerable interest to extract valuable compounds from unutilized or underutilized sources such as radish leaves with great extraction efficiency. Herein, the continuous fast MAE of radish leaves polysaccharides (RLPs) was investigated and optimized in detail. The maximum predicted extraction yield (EY) of RLPs was found to be 25.51% under the optimum MAE conditions as microwave power of 104.65 W, irradiation time 7.59 min, and pH 3.24. The MAE resulted in notably higher EY than hot water extraction (HWE) at pH of 7.50, temperature of 85 °C, liquid–solid ratio of 30:1 mL g−1 for 180 min. Polysaccharides characteristic bands in RLPs were detected in the FT-IR spectrum. The RLPs was mainly composed of galactose (43.4%), arabinose (24.7%), galacturonic acid (6.8%), rhamnose (9.3%), mannose (5.7%), fucose (5.0%), glucose (3.9%), glucuronic acid (0.7%), and xylose (0.5%). Moreover, the RLPs showed strong scavenging potential on DPPH free radicals, reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition in a concentration-dependent mode. The RLPs exhibited good water solubility, water-holding, and fat-binding capacities, recorded at 59.36 ± 0.58%, 4.25 ± 0.09, and 5.41 ± 0.009 g g−1, respectively and showed good emulsion properties even after 168 h (74.5 ± 0.04%). It is clear from the results that radish leaves are valuable source of polysaccharides and RLPs can be a promising natural candidate agent in the food and medicinal industries. Moreover, these findings proved that MAE is a highly efficient and promising procedure to extract RLPs to the maximum extent.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to give their appreciation to the University of Zanjan for facilities and equipment used in this work.

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  1. Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Ajami, Ali Ganjloo & Mandana Bimakr

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  1. Mohammad Reza Ajami
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Contributions

Mohammad Reza Ajami: investigation, formal analysis, formal analysis, writing—original draft preparation. Ali Ganjloo: conceptualization, resources, supervision, project administration, visualization, formal analysis, validation, writing–original draft preparation, review and editing. Mandana Bimakr: conceptualization, visualization, advisory, writing–review and editing.

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Correspondence to Ali Ganjloo.

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Ajami, M.R., Ganjloo, A. & Bimakr, M. Continuous fast microwave-assisted extraction of radish leaves polysaccharides: optimization, preliminary characterization, biological, and techno-functional properties. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 14987–15000 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03522-w

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