Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and enrichment of the flavonoids from Salicornia Europaea leaves using macroporous resins and response surface methodology

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Chemical Papers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigated an efficient method to extract flavonoids from Salicornia Europaea leaves with an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method in [C4mim]Cl) aqueous solution and enrich flavonoids using macroporous adsorption resins. The parameters of ultrasonic performance were optimized by RSM, total extraction yield of total flavonoids reached 39.24 mg/g under ultrasonic temperature for 56 °C, ultrasonic time for 91 min, liquid–solid ratio for 25 mL/g and ultrasonic power for 207 W. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium capacities of total flavonoids on the D-101, AB-8 and DM-130 at 298 K were 86.32, 77.01 and 74.43 mg/g, respectively. Experimental kinetic results indicated a good fit with the pseudo-second-order model, whereas adsorption isotherms fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm equation. The calculated Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy during adsorption process revealed spontaneous, endothermic, entropy-driven adsorption processes. Therefore, a comparison of the adsorption behaviors of three resins suggested that use of D-101 as a potential adsorbent was feasible for the adsorption and purification of total flavonoids from Salicornia Europaea leaves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

References

  • Alonso-Carrillo N, Aguilar-Santamaria MDIA, Vernon-Carter EJ, Jimenez-Alvarado R et al (2017) Extraction of phenolic compounds from Satureja macrostema using microwave-ultrasound assisted and reflux methods and evaluation of their antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. Ind Crops Prod 103:213–221

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhan M, Satija S, Garg C, Dureja H, Garg M (2017) Optimization of ionic liquid-based microwave assisted extraction of a diterpenoid lactone-andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata by response surface methodology. J Mol Liq 229:161–166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhao T, Li F et al (2016) Adsorption properties of macroporous adsorbent resins for separation of anthocyanins from mulberry. Food Chem 194:712–722

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen F, Zhang Q, Mo K, Fei S et al (2017) Optimization of ionic liquid-based homogenate extraction of orientin and vitexin from the flowers of Trollius chinensis and its application on a pilot scale. Sep Purif Technol 175:147–157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiji H, Aiba T, Izawa M (1978) Isolation and Identification of two 2,3-unsubstituted chromones from glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.). J Agric Chem Soc Jpn 42:159–165

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dauber C, Carreras T, González L, Gámbaro A et al (2022) Characterization and incorporation of extracts from olive leaves obtained through maceration and supercritical extraction in canola oil: oxidative stability evaluation. Lwt 160:113274

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dewi SR, Stevens LA, Pearson AE, Ferrari R et al (2022) Investigating the role of solvent type and microwave selective heating on the extraction of phenolic compounds from cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk. Food Bioprod Process 134:210–222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong Y, Zhao M, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zhuang M et al (2015) Absorption and desorption behaviour of the flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. leaf on macroporous adsorption resins. Food Chem 168:538–545

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feng X, Cao Y, Qin Y, Zhao S et al (2023) Triphase dynamic extraction system involved with ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent for various bioactive constituents from Tartary buckwheat simultaneously. Food Chem 405:134955

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geslin M, Verbist J-F (1985) Flavonoides de Salicornia europaea. J Nat Prod 48:111–113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gu H, Chen F, Zhang Q, Zang J (2016) Application of ionic liquids in vacuum microwave-assisted extraction followed by macroporous resin isolation of three flavonoids rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin from Sorbus tianschanica leaves. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 1014:45–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heravi S, Rahimi M, Shahriari M, Nejad Ebrahimi S (2022) Enrichment of phenolic compounds from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) pomace extract using a macroporous resin and response surface methodology. Chem Eng Res Des 183:382–397

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hou M, Zhang L (2021) Adsorption/desorption characteristics and chromatographic purification of polyphenols from Vernonia patula (Dryand.) Merr. using macroporous adsorption resin. Ind Crops Prod 170:113729

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang P, Zhang Q, Pan H, Luan L et al (2017) Optimization of integrated extraction-adsorption process for the extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Scutellariae barbatae herba. Sep Purif Technol 175:203–212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ji S, Wang Y, Gao S, Shao X et al (2019) Highly efficient and selective extraction of minor bioactive natural products using pure ionic liquids: application to prenylated flavonoids in licorice. J Ind Eng Chem 80:352–360

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang H, Li J, Chen L, Wang Z (2020) Adsorption and desorption of chlorogenic acid by macroporous adsorbent resins during extraction of Eucommia ulmoides leaves. Ind Crops Prod 149:112336

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leyton A, Vergara-Salinas JR, Perez-Correa JR, Lienqueo ME (2017) Purification of phlorotannins from Macrocystis pyrifera using macroporous resins. Food Chem 237:312–319

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Wang E, Elshikh MS, Alwahibi MS et al (2021) Extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Gnaphalium affine D Don and their evaluation for free radicals’ scavenging and oxidative damage inhabitation potential in mice liver. Arab J Chem 14:103006

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li W, Fan Y, Zhang S, Li J et al (2021b) Extraction of rosmarinic acid from Perilla seeds using green protic ionic liquids. Microchem J 170:106667

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Guo Z, Li J, Yang M, Yao S (2021c) Swelling and microwave-assisted hydrolysis of animal keratin in ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 341:117306

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Liu J, Chen X, Liu Y, Di D (2010) Preparative separation and purification of lycopene from tomato skins extracts by macroporous adsorption resins. Food Chem 123:1027–1034

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Di D, Bai Q, Li J et al (2011) Preparative separation and purification of rebaudioside a from steviol glycosides using mixed-mode macroporous adsorption resins. J Agric Food Chem 59:9629–9636

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Bai Q, Lou S, Di D et al (2012) Adsorption characteristics of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate and caffeine in the extract of waste tea on macroporous adsorption resins functionalized with chloromethyl, amino, and phenylamino groups. J Agric Food Chem 60:1555–1566

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z, Gu H, Yang L (2018) A novel approach for the simultaneous extraction of dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan from Larix gmelinii by homogenate-ultrasound-synergistic technique using the ionic liquid. J Mol Liq 261:41–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J-Z, Lyu H-C, Fu Y-J, Jiang J-C, Cui Q (2022) Simultaneous extraction of natural organic acid and flavonoid antioxidants from Hibiscus manihot L. flower by tailor-made deep eutectic solvent. Lwt 163:113533

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J-Z, Lin Z-X, Kong W-H, Zhang C-C et al (2022b) Ultrasonic-assisted extraction-synergistic deep eutectic solvents for green and efficient incremental extraction of Paris polyphylla saponins. J Mol Liq 368:120644

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lou Z, Wang H, Zhu S, Chen S et al (2012) Ionic liquids based simultaneous ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from burdock leaves. Anal Chim Acta 716:28–33

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luiza Koop B, Nascimento da Silva M, Diniz da Silva F, dos Santos Thayres, Lima K et al (2022) Flavonoids, anthocyanins, betalains, curcumin, and carotenoids: sources, classification and enhanced stabilization by encapsulation and adsorption. Food Res Int 153:110929

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luo X, Cui J, Zhang H, Duan Y et al (2018) Ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from red sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) bran and their biological activities and polyphenolic compositions. Ind Crops Prod 112:296–304

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magiera S, Sobik A (2017) Ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled with liquid chromatography to determine isoflavones in soy foods. J Food Compos Anal 57:94–101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moharrami S, Hashempour H (2021) Comparative study of low-voltage electric field-induced, ultrasound-assisted and maceration extraction of phenolic acids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 202:114149

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naseeruteen F, Hamid NSA, Suah FBM, Ngah WSW, Mehamod FS (2018) Adsorption of malachite green from aqueous solution by using novel chitosan ionic liquid beads. Int J Biol Macromol 107:1270–1277

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ncibi MC, Sillanpää M (2017) Optimizing the removal of pharmaceutical drugs carbamazepine and Dorzolamide from aqueous solutions using mesoporous activated carbons and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Mol Liq 238:379–388

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oprescu E-E, Enascuta C-E, Radu E, Ciltea-Udrescu M, Lavric V (2022) Does the ultrasonic field improve the extraction productivity compared to classical methods – Maceration and reflux distillation? Chem Eng Proces Process Intensif 179:109082

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan J, Yang Y, Zhang R, Yao H et al (2017) Enrichment of chelidonine from Chelidonium majus L. using macroporous resin and its antifungal activity. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 1070:7–14

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pei D, Wu X, Liu Y, Huo T et al (2016) Different ionic liquid modified hypercrosslinked polystyrene resin for purification of catechins from aqueous solution. Coll Surf A 509:158–165

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qin G, Ma J, Wei W, Li J, Yue F (2018) The enrichment of chlorogenic acid from Eucommia ulmoides leaves extract by mesoporous carbons. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 1087:6–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Qin G, Lei J, Li S, Jiang Y et al (2022) Efficient, green extraction of two biflavonoids from Selaginella uncinata with deep eutectic solvents. Microchem J 183:108085

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sahne F, Mohammadi M, Najafpour GD, Moghadamnia AA (2017) Enzyme-assisted ionic liquid extraction of bioactive compound from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.): isolation, purification and analysis of curcumin. Ind Crops Prod 95:686–694

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salar RK, Purewal SS, Bhatti MS (2016) Optimization of extraction conditions and enhancement of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of pearl millet fermented with Aspergillus awamori MTCC-548. Resour Effic Technol 2:148–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Zuo P, Luo J, Singh RP (2017) Adsorption behavior of benzenesulfonic acid by novel weakly basic anion exchange resins. J Environ Sci 54:40–47

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun X, Liu X, Zhao G-R (2022) Separation of salidroside from the fermentation broth of engineered Escherichia coli using macroporous adsorbent resins. Chin J Chem Eng 44:260–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Tharasena B, Lawan S (2014) Phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of vegetables as thai side dish. APCBEE Proc 8:99–104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XH, Wang JP (2019) Effective extraction with deep eutectic solvents and enrichment by macroporous adsorption resin of flavonoids from Carthamus tinctorius L. J Pharm Biomed Anal 176:112804

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Wang C, Yuan J, Zhang C (2017) Adsorption characteristics of adsorbent resins and antioxidant capacity for enrichment of phenolics from two-phase olive waste. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 1040:38–46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Wang S, Liu L (2021) Extraction of geniposidic acid and aucubin employing aqueous two-phase systems comprising ionic liquids and salts. Microchem J 169:106592

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang R, Yang Z, Lv W, Tan Z, Zhang H (2022) Extraction and separation of flavonoids and iridoids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves using choline tryptophan ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems. Ind Crops Prod 187:115465

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Di D (2015a) Evaluation on the adsorption capability of chemically modified macroporous adsorption resin with ionic liquid. Coll Surf A 469:141–149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu X, Liu Y, Huo T, Chen Z et al (2015b) Multiple interactions on macroporous adsorption resins modified with ionic liquid. Coll Surf A 487:35–41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu J, Wang W, Liang H, Zhang Q, Li Q (2015) Optimization of ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from Curcuma longa L. using response surface methodology. Ind Crops Prod 76:487–493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Q, Zhao M, Lin L (2016) Adsorption and desorption characteristics of adlay bran free phenolics on macroporous resins. Food Chem 194:900–907

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Zhao R, Wang H, Ben A et al (2022) Resin adsorption as a means for the enrichment and separation of three terpenoid indole alkaloids: Vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus extracts in ionic liquid solution. Ind Crops Prod 187:115351

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zannou O, Pashazadeh H, Ibrahim SA, Koca I, Galanakis CM (2022) Green and highly extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity from kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum G. Don) by natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) using maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction and homogenate-assisted extraction. Arab J Chem 15:103752

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Zhao S-H, Chen J, Zhang L-W (2015) Application of ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. J Chromatogr B 1002:411–417

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Feng X, Alula Y, Yao S (2017) Bionic multi-tentacled ionic liquid-modified silica gel for adsorption and separation of polyphenols from green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. Food Chem 230:637–648

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Kong M, Jiang Q, Hu K et al (2021) Chitosan membranes from acetic acid and imidazolium ionic liquids: effect of imidazolium structure on membrane properties. J Mol Liq 340:117209

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu J-J, Yang J-J, Wu G-J, Jiang J-G (2020) Comparative antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from semen platycladi by different extraction methods. Ind Crops Prod 146:112206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo L, Ao X, Guo Y (2020) Study on the synthesis of dual-chain ionic liquids and their application in the extraction of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 1628:461446

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the open project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Solis (JKLBS2016012).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Xiwang Road, Yancheng, 224007, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Xin-Hong Wang & Jing-Ping Wang

Authors
  1. Xin-Hong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jing-Ping Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xin-Hong Wang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Xin-Hong Wang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Jing-Ping Wang declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 2527 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, XH., Wang, JP. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and enrichment of the flavonoids from Salicornia Europaea leaves using macroporous resins and response surface methodology. Chem. Pap. 77, 2769–2781 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-02665-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-02665-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation