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Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction using response surface methodology for total anthocyanin content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces and comparison with conventional Soxhlet extraction

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Abstract

Response surface methodology (RSM) and a Box-Behnken design (BBD) were used to determine optimum conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces. The current study applied BBD to explore the effects of X1: ultrasonic temperature (30–80 °C), X2: ultrasonic time (20–50 min.), and X3: solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10–1:60) on total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays). ANOVA results revealed that TAC, TPC, DPPH, and FRAP all had R2 values of 0.98, 0.97, 0.98, and 0.98, respectively, indicating that models designed with second-order polynomials were capable of reliably analyzing interactions between parameters (response and independent variables) satisfactorily. It was determined from the RSM study that 80 °C ultrasound temperature, 48 min. ultrasound time, and 1:60 solid-to-solvent ratio were the optimum extraction parameters for maximizing TAC, TPC, DPPH, and FRAP. The experimental values for TAC, TPC, DPPH, and FRAP were 311 ± 5 mg CGE/100 g, 572 ± 7 mg GAE/100 g, 974 ± 3 μmolTE/100 mL, and 2332 ± 3 μmolTE/100 mL, respectively, under the optimal conditions. Also, a good agreement was found between experimental and predicted values, with a residual standard error of less than 5%. Compared to the yield of Soxhlet extraction for TAC (176 ± 4 mg CGE/100 g), TPC (210 ± 3 mg GAE/100 g), DPPH (534 ± 2 μmolTE/100 mL), and FRAP (1732 ± 3 μmolTE/100 mL), the extraction efficacy of the UAE process under optimized conditions demonstrated to be more effective. Therefore, based on the needs of the industry and sustainable development, the UAE process might be an economical alternative to traditional extraction methods.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, -3114, Bangladesh

    Tanvir Ahmed, Md Rahmatuzzaman Rana & Mohammad Afzal Hossain

  2. Farm Technology, Irrigation, and Water Resources Management Division, Rural Development Academy, Bogura, Bangladesh

    Shakhawat Ullah

  3. Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh

    Md Suzauddula

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  1. Tanvir Ahmed
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  2. Md Rahmatuzzaman Rana
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Tanvir Ahmed: formal data analysis, data calculation, and writing–original draft. Md Rahmatuzzaman Rana and Mohammad Afzal Hossain: methodology and writing–review and editing. Md Suzauddula: methodology, formal data analysis, data calculation, and writing–review and editing. Shakhawat Ullah: investigation, data curation, formal data analysis, data calculation, formal data analysis, and writing–review and editing.

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Ahmed, T., Rana, M.R., Hossain, M.A. et al. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction using response surface methodology for total anthocyanin content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces and comparison with conventional Soxhlet extraction. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03881-y

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