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Sustainable production of lutein—an underexplored commercially relevant pigment from microalgae

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Abstract

Currently, microalgae-derived lutein is gaining attention for its potential applications in cosmeceutical, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Lutein is of commercial interest for a broad variety of health benefits: antioxidant activity, skin health improvement, reducing age-related macular degeneration, and the treatment of cancer. Microalgae are the fastest-growing lutein source, have the highest content in nature, and are a promising sustainable alternative to the current commercial source, marigold flowers. Microalgal cultivation has added environmental benefits over plants with higher carbon sequestration, reduced water footprint, and no pesticide use. To date, no industrial facility exists for the production of lutein from microalgae. This review outlines the existing technologies for bioprocessing of lutein at pilot scale (cultivation, harvesting, extraction, and purification). In addition, lutein encapsulation, a seldom discussed area, is explored in depth. In view of this knowledge, lutein could be anticipated as the next successful sustainable product from microalgae obtained at industrial scale for the circular economy.

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Funding

All authors are thankful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 22078308), Program for Science & Technology Innovative Research Team in the University of Henan Province (No.22IRTSTHN007) for financial support. A.S. acknowledges the support of the Russian Science Foundation (project #21–74-20004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China

    Gul Muhammad, Yongkun Lv, Wenlong Xiong, Jingliang Xu & Md. Asraful Alam

  2. Lgem, Achterweg 65, 1424 PP, De Kwakel, The Netherlands

    Thomas O. Butler

  3. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Bailing Chen & Xinqing Zhao

  4. Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, GSP-1 119234, Russia

    A. E. Solovchenko

  5. Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000, Tambov, Russia

    A. E. Solovchenko

  6. School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China

    Anqi Zhao

  7. Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia

    M. Mofijur

  8. Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia

    M. Mofijur

  9. Zhengzhou Tuoyang Industrial Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China

    Jingliang Xu

  10. Zhengzhou University Industrial Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China

    Jingliang Xu

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  1. Gul Muhammad
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  2. Thomas O. Butler
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  3. Bailing Chen
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  4. Yongkun Lv
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  5. Wenlong Xiong
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  6. Xinqing Zhao
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  7. A. E. Solovchenko
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  8. Anqi Zhao
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  9. M. Mofijur
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  10. Jingliang Xu
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  11. Md. Asraful Alam
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Contributions

Gul Muhammad: Writing—original draft; Writing—review & editing; Thomas O. Butler: Writing—original draft; Writing—review & editing; Bailing Chen, Yongkun Lv, Xiong, Xinqing Zhao, Anqi Zhao, A. E. Solovchenko and M. Mofijur: Writing—review & editing; Jingliang Xu: Writing—review & editing, Supervision; Validation; Funding acquisition; Md. Asraful Alam: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft; Writing—review & editing, Supervision; Funding acquisition; Project administration.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jingliang Xu or Md. Asraful Alam.

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This study does not cover human participants and/or animal studies; thus, ethical receiving approval is not necessary.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Highlights

1. Microalgae are the fastest-growing lutein source with important health benefits.

2. The bottlenecks in lutein biomanufacturing from microalgae are discussed.

3. Biotic and abiotic factors affecting microalgal lutein biosynthesis are discussed.

4. The process of lutein biosynthesis in microalgae and genetic manipulation is highlighted.

5. Lutein extraction and purification is evaluated.

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Muhammad, G., Butler, T.O., Chen, B. et al. Sustainable production of lutein—an underexplored commercially relevant pigment from microalgae. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 7255–7276 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03349-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03349-5

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