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Production of Coffee oil and Bioactive Peptides from Spent Coffee Grounds via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Enzymatic Hydrolysis

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Abstract

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extraction was applied for recovering non-polar compounds in spent coffee grounds (SCGs) before enzymatic hydrolysis was performed. The SCCO2 extracted oil yield of 11.93 wt% was observed at 30 MPa and 50 °C. The detectable volatile compounds in SCGs oil were aldehydes and flavor compounds classified as furans. Although the degree of hydrolysis of SCGs and defatted SCGs (DFSCGs) were not significantly different, the soluble protein of DFSCGs was higher than that of SCGs. Electrophoretic profiles of SCGs and DFSCGs comprise polypeptide bands at < 20 and ~ 24 kDa, which are mainly derived from 11S globulin subunits. After hydrolysis, the molecular masses of 4–20 and 24 kDa were virtually eliminated, thus releasing polypeptides with molecular masses < 4 kDa. Furthermore, the DFSCGs hydrolysate had higher total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than that of SCGs hydrolysate. Pretreatment of SCGs with SCCO2 enhances enzymatic accessibility, improves the quality of protein hydrolysate, and procures SCGs oil as a by-product.

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Data Availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and it’s Supplementary Information. Should any raw data files be needed in another format they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Starbucks Coffee House, Samyan Mitrtown branch, Bangkok, Thailand, for providing the spent coffee ground samples. The authors are also grateful to anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which helped to improve the manuscript.

Funding

This study was supported by the Second Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University, and Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, the Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Panusorn Hunsub

  2. Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Fuels Research Center, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Kanokporn Ponmana & Somkiat Ngamprasertsith

  3. Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Somkiat Ngamprasertsith

  4. Program in Food Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalong Krung 1 Alley, Lat Krabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand

    Winatta Sakdasri

  5. Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Aphichart Karnchanatat & Ruengwit Sawangkeaw

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  1. Panusorn Hunsub
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Contributions

PH: Methodology, Investigation, Data analysis, Funding acquisition, Writing—original draft preparation. KP: Investigation, Writing—original draft preparation. SN: Writing—Review & Editing and Supervision. WS: Validation, Visualization, and Writing—Review & Editing. AK: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Data analysis. RS: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing—Review & Editing, and Visualization. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ruengwit Sawangkeaw.

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Hunsub, P., Ponmana, K., Ngamprasertsith, S. et al. Production of Coffee oil and Bioactive Peptides from Spent Coffee Grounds via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 2061–2070 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02264-8

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