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Chestnut shell represents a rich source of polyphenols: preparation methods, antioxidant activity and composition analysis of extractable and non-extractable polyphenols

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Abstract

Chestnut shell, a by-product of chestnut processing, is rich in bioactive polyphenols, which can be divided into extractable polyphenols (EPs) and non-extractable phenols (NEPs). The EPs have arisen a lot of interests, while NEPs combined with cellulose in the residue are ignored. This work describes the development of a traditional ethanol extraction method to obtain extractable polyphenols (EPs), and the residue was treated by alkaline hydrolysis to prepare NEPs optimized by Box–Behnken experimental designs. The total phenolic contents and the scavenging effects of DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals were measured. Using UPLC–ESI-MS/MS technology, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), qualitative and quantitative analysis and difference analysis of EPs and NEPs were carried out. Optimal extraction conditions to extract NEPs by alkaline hydrolysis method were obtained, and the content of polyphenols obtained from NEPs was significantly higher than that of EPs. EPs have the higher scavenging effects of DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals than NEPs. A total of 466 polyphenol compounds were detected. Among them, EPs are rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, lignans coumarins and quinones, while phenolic acids were dominant in NEPs, which provides a reference for the utilization of polyphenols from the chestnut shell. Both EPs and NEPs are abundant in phenolic composition, although there were significant differences in the compositional situation. Notably, NEPs are a widespread source of polyphenols but have not received much attention in practical applications. This study can provide a basis for the reuse of chestnut waste.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31701604), Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education (Grant No. LCX2021002), Open Project of Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education (Grant No. GCP202103), and Supported by Graduate Innovative Fund of Wuhan Institute of Technology (No. CX2022562).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China

    Fang Yang, Dong Wei, Jie Li & Chenyang Xie

  2. Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China

    Fang Yang

  3. Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China

    Fang Yang

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Yang, F., Wei, D., Li, J. et al. Chestnut shell represents a rich source of polyphenols: preparation methods, antioxidant activity and composition analysis of extractable and non-extractable polyphenols. Eur Food Res Technol 249, 1273–1285 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-023-04212-1

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